I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under god, indivisible with liberty and justice for all.

– 1892 the original pledge of allegiance was composed by Francis Bellamy. The pledge has been modified only 4 times since then. With most recent change adding words: “under god” in 1954.

-All Congressional sessions open with swearing of the pledge.